Paris 1999
The "Experiment" in the History of Economics

22-24 April, 1999, Ecole normale supérieure de Cachan



Announcement

How important have experiments been in the history of economics? Most obviously, perhaps, recent decades have seen the rise of an 'experimental economics', featuring controlled experiments in laboratory conditions: the laboratory has become a legitimate site for the production of economic knowledge. However, the concept of the experiment has been used in economic discourse in a host of other, perhaps less obvious, ways. For example, what role have 'social experiments' played in the history of economics? Can the work of reformers such as Robert Owen be regarded as 'experimental' and, if so how has experimentation here had a meaning different from, say, that of the laboratory? Might Bentham's Panopticon be regarded as an experiment of relevance to economics? Or what do we mean when we refer to a 'thought experiment'? Was Hume's discussion of the price-specie flow mechanism, for instance, an example of such? Have there been others? Where does the boundary lie between theory and thought experiment? Yet again, some contemporary macroeconomists describe their work in simulation and calibration as a form of experimentation, a sense that is quite different from any of the those mentioned above. Might one speak of the emergence in economics of an experimental form of life underpinned by computing technology? More generally, how have the various meanings of experimentation in economics been tied to meanings in other disciplines?

Far from constituting a complete list, the above are offered as mere stimulants, designed to provoke reflections on the theme of the 'experiment', in all its multifarious forms, in the history of economics. Once again, the aim of the ECHE will be to feature a relatively small number of papers, written with an eye to originality, richness, and detail.




Programme

THURSDAY, April 22nd

4:00-7:00 pm
Registration (Villa Modigliani***)


8:00 pm
Welcome Dinner (Restaurant 'Le Bal Bullier')


FRIDAY, April 23rd

10:00-10:30 am
Welcome Reception (D'Alembert building)

10.30 am-12 pm
Plenary Session (Condorcet Room)


10.30-10.45 am
Introduction to the Conference by Philippe Fontaine


10.45 am-12.00 pm
Invited Lecture by Nancy CARTWRIGHT
Theoretical Models and Galilean Experiments


12:00-2:00 pm
Lunch (L'Encyclopédie)

10:30-12:30 am
Sessions 1A and 1B


Session 1A: Laboratory Experiments and Economics

Chair: Philip MIROWSKI

1. Rui Pedro ESTEVES: Game Theory or the Historical Laboratory of Economics.

Discussant: Robert DIMAND

2. Terry McDONOUGH: An Economist's Tale, or Economists Don White Coats and Replay the Irish Famine with Rats.

Discussant: Michalis PSALIDOPOULOS


Session 1B: Experiments and Decision Theory

Chair: Gérard JORLAND

1. Sophie JALLAIS and Pierre Charles PRADIER: Changes in Expected Utility Theory and the Allais Experiment.

Discussant: Marcello BASILI

2. Francesco GUALA: Changes in the Problem of Rationality Under Risk.

Discussant: Guido ERREYGERS




4:00-4:30 pm
Coffee break (D'Alembert building)

4:30-6:30 pm
Sessions 2A and 2B


Session 2A: Monetary Experiments

Chair: Maria Cristina MARCUZZO

1. Jérôme BLANC: Silvio Gesell's Theory and the Accelerated Money Experiments.

Discussant: Michael OLIVER

2. Mauro BOIANOVSKY and Guido ERREYGERS: Social Comptabilism and Pure Credit Systems: Solvay and Wicksell on Monetary Reform.

Discussant: Flavio COMIM


Session 2B: J. S. Mill and Jevons on Experiments

Chair: Patrick RAINES

Albert JOLINK: Mill: Any Humbug? On Economics, Experiments and Ethology.

Discussant: Francesco GUALA

Harro MAAS: Of Clouds and Statistics: Inferring Causal Structures from the Data.

Discussant: Judy L. KLEIN


8.00 pm
Conference dinner (Café Loli)


SATURDAY, April 24th

9:30-10:00 am
Coffee and Tea (D'Alembert building)

10:00-12:00 am
Sessions 3A and 3B


Session 3A: Game Theory Meets Experimentation

Chair: Robert LEONARD

1. Robert DIMAND: Experimental Economic Games: The Early Years.

Discussant: Alessandro INNOCENTI

2. S. Abu Turab RIZVI: Two Episodes of Experimentation and Game Theory.

Discussant: Esther-Mirjam SENT


Session 2B: Performing Experiments

Chair: Carlo ZAPPIA

1. Marcel BOUMANS and Mary S. MORGAN : The Secrets Hidden by Two-Dimensionality: Modelling the Economy as a Hydraulic System.

Discussant: Terry McDONOUGH

2. Michael OLIVER: The Conservative Economic Strategy 1979-1990: An Experiment in Monetarist Economics?

Discussant: Mauro BOIANOVSKY


12:00-2:00 pm
Lunch (L'Encyclopédie)

2:00-4:00 pm
Sessions 4A and 4B


Session 4A: Hume and Smith on Experiments

Chair: Philippe FONTAINE

1. Margaret SCHABAS: Hume's Economics and Experimental Natural Philosophy.

Discussant: S. Abu Turab RIZVI

2. Flavio COMIM: Adam Smith and Isaac Newton: Common Sense and Aesthetics in the Age of Experiments.

Discussant: José Luís CARDOSO


Session 4B: 'Suppose we considered the war itself as a laboratory?'

Chair: Robert DIMAND

1. Judy L. KLEIN: An Economics of Experimentation: Investigations of the US Statistical Research Group in World War II.

Discussant: Albert JOLINK

2. Philip MIROWSKI: How the Computer Conjured Experimental Economics at RAND.

Discussant: Gérard JORLAND


4pm-4.30 pm
Coffee break (D'Alembert building)

4:30-6:30 pm
Session 5 (Condorcet Room)

Thought and Simulated Experiments

Chair: S. Abu Turab RIZVI

1. Alessandro INNOCENTI and Carlo ZAPPIA: Thought and Performed Experiments in Hayek and Morgenstern.

Discussant: Robert LEONARD

2. Esther-Mirjam SENT: Simon Simulating Science.

Discussant: Marcel BOUMANS




List of participants

Albert JOLINK (Erasmus University Rotterdam)
Alessandro INNOCENTI (University of Siena)
Carlo ZAPPIA (University of Siena)
Christine LE CLAINCHE (Ecole normale supérieure de Cachan)
Esther-Mirjam SENT (University of Notre Dame)
Fabian MUNIESA (Ecole normale supérieure des mines de Paris)
Flavio COMIM (St Edmund's College)

Francesco GUALA (London School of Economics)

Gérard JORLAND (Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales)
Guido ERREYGERS (University of Antwerp)
Harro MAAS (University of Amsterdam)
Ilona HADERER (University of St Gallen)

Jérôme BLANC (University of Lyon 2)

John VINT (Manchester Metropolitan University)
José Luís CARDOSO (Technical University of Lisbon)
Judy L. KLEIN (Mary Baldwin College)
Loïc CHARLES (University of Paris 1)
Luc MARCO (University of Paris 5)
Marcel BOUMANS (University of Amsterdam)
Marcello BASILI (University of Siena)
Margaret SCHABAS (York University)
Maria Cristina MARCUZZO (University of Rome)
Mark GREER (Dowling College)
Mauro BOIANOVSKY (University of Brasilia)
Michael OLIVER (University of Sunderland)
Michalis PSALIDOPOULOS (Panteion University Athens)
Nancy CARTWRIGHT (London School of Economics)
Patrick RAINES (University of Richmond)
Philip MIROWSKI (University of Notre Dame)
Philippe BAZARD (University of Paris 1)
Philippe FONTAINE (Ecole normale supérieure de Cachan)
Pierre Charles PRADIER (Ecole normale supérieure de Cachan)
Robert DIMAND (Brock University)
Robert LEONARD (University of Quebec at Montreal)
Rui Pedro ESTEVES (University of Porto)
S. Abu Turab RIZVI (University of Vermont)
Sophie JALLAIS (University of Paris 1)
Terry McDONOUGH (National University of Ireland)



Organising Committee

José Luis Cardoso (Technical University, Lisbon)
Guido Erreygers (Ufsia, University of Antwerp)
Philippe Fontaine (Université des Antilles, Guyane)
Albert Jolink (Erasmus University, Rotterdam)
Robert Leonard (University of Quebec, Montréal)
Michalis Psalidopoulos (Panteion University, Athens)